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Seek the help of smugglers to get into the United States-and then debt bondage ensues Promises of marriage, education, employment, or a better life Meet traffickers advertising modeling jobs COMMON WAYS GIRLS AND WOMEN BECOME VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING 14 Box 1 lists common ways that girls and women become victims of trafficking.īOX 1. The two largest source countries for trafficked persons in the United States are Mexico and East Asia, but victims also come from South Asia, Central America, Africa, and Europe. These trends will likely increase the numbers of persons trafficked in the coming year.
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5, 14 With the onset of a global financial crisis, there has been a shrinking global demand for labor and a growing supply of workers willing to take additional risks for employment. 14 Individual victims suffer from numerous physical and psychological problems, but trafficking undermines the health, safety, and security of all nations it touches. 11- 13 Human trafficking involves forced labor, bonded labor, debt bondage among migrant laborers, involuntary domestic servitude, forced child labor, child soldiers, and sex trafficking. 10 Human trafficking is the third largest source of income for organized crime, and there are twice as many people enslaved today as during the African slave trade. The International Labor Organization estimates human trafficking to be a $32 billion per year industry. Table 1 presents a summary of possible differences. 8 Sex trafficking and prostitution are similar in that both are exploitive women may suffer sexual assault by clients and/or pimps and women may suffer extreme stress reactions, trauma, depression, and multiple medical problems. The main distinctions made in the literature between trafficking and prostitution are consent and coercion. 7 The literature on the conceptual differences is conflicting and largely dependent on the author’s beliefs about legalized prostitution. Sex trafficking and prostitution are not the same, but the distinction between the two is subtle and difficult to define. This article provides clinicians with knowledge on trafficking and offers specific tools that they can use to assist victims in the clinical setting.Īccording to the US Department of State, human trafficking is “The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.” 4 Sex trafficking is “When a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or when the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age.” 4 A victim need not be physically transported from one location to another in order for the crime to fall within these definitions. 6 Health care providers are in a unique position to identify victims of trafficking and provide important physical and psychological care for victims while in captivity and after. This represents a serious missed opportunity for intervention.
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2, 5 One study found that 28% of trafficked women saw a health care professional while still in captivity. Health care providers are one of the few professionals likely to interact with trafficked women and girls while they are still in captivity. In fact, the United States is one of the largest market/destinations for trafficking in the world, second only to Germany. 2, 5 These statistics easily debunk the common myths that human trafficking only happens in other countries and that those who are trafficked in the United States are always of international origin.
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2- 4 In the United States alone, 50,000 persons are trafficked into the country every year, and there are approximately 400,000 domestic minors involved in trafficking. Of those, 80% are women or girls 50% of these females are minors. Although difficult to quantify because of its underground nature, there are approximately 800,000 people trafficked across international borders annually. Human trafficking is a global public health problem. “…rafficking can only exist in an atmosphere of public, professional, and academic indifference.” 1